Temps de lecture : 13 minutes
References
↑1 | iExplore. (n.d.). Madagascar – History and Culture. https://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/africa/madagascar/history-and-culture. |
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↑2 | Val, D. (n.d.). Scandale – Les Américains introduisent la culture gay à Madagascar. Madagascar Matin. https://www.matin.mg/?p=8027. |
↑3 | Handriniaina, S. (2019). Homosexualité à Madagascar: En parler à l’Eglise ? – Eglises d’Afrique. Editions L’Harmattan. https://books.google.fr/books?id=Y_yMDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false. |
↑4 | UN Women Data Hub. (n. d). Country Fact Sheet – Madagascar. https://data.unwomen.org/country/madagascar. |
↑5 | Madagascar. (2023, April 30). Daughters of the Deep. |
↑6 | Mardsen, B. (2023, May 17). GENDER INEQUALITY IN MADAGASCAR. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/gender-inequality-in-madagascar/. |
↑7 | Fighting gender inequality and violence in Madagascar. (2020, March 11). IndustriALL. https://www.industriall-union.org/fighting-gender-inequality-and-violence-in-madagascar. |
↑8 | Seelow, S.. (2009, April 22). “Les lois homophobes sont souvent l’héritage de la colonisation.” Le Monde.fr. https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2008/12/19/les-lois-homophobes-sont-souvent-l-heritage-de-la-colonisation_1133275_3224.html. |
↑9 | Indépendance de Madagascar. (n. d.). Wikipédia.https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance_de_Madagascar#:~:text=La%20proclamation%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9publique,’%C3%89tat%20ind%C3%A9pendant%20et%20souverain%20%C2%BB. |
↑10 | 2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Madagascar. (2022, June 2). United States Department of State. https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-report-on-international-religious-freedom/madagascar/. |
↑11 | Belalahy, J. (2019, December 20). Lesbiennes, Gays Bisexuels et transgenres : La FJKM dénonce les dérives homosexuelles et le mariage pour tous. Midi Madagasikara. https://midi-madagasikara.mg/lesbiennes-gays-bisexuels-et-transgenres-la-fjkm-denonce-les-derives-homosexuelles-et-le-mariage-pour-tous/. |
↑12 | Zbinden, R. (24 avril 2019). «L’Église doit accompagner les homosexuels de Madagascar». Gay Christian Africa. https://www.gaychristianafrica.org/leglise-doit-accompagner-les-homosexuels-de-madagascar/. |
↑13 | Verneau, L. (2020, March 16). A Madagascar, l’emprisonnement d’une lesbienne rappelle la dure situation des minorités sexuelles. Le Monde.fr. https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/03/13/a-madagascar-l-emprisonnement-d-une-lesbienne-rappelle-la-dure-situation-des-minorites-sexuelles_6032998_3212.html. |
↑14 | Léger, T. (2020, April 3). Overcrowding and the risk of unmitigated spread of COVID-19 in Madagascar’s prisons. Amnesty International.https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/overcrowding-and-the-risk-of-unmitigated-spread-of-covid-19-in-madagascars-prisons/. |
↑15 | De Matos, L. (2022, February 20). Madagascar : Ken, 33 ans, est en prison parce qu’homosexuelle. TV5MONDE – Informations.https://information.tv5monde.com/afrique/madagascar-ken-33-ans-est-en-prison-parce-quhomosexuelle-6703. |
↑16 | Verneau, L. (2020, March 16). A Madagascar, l’emprisonnement d’une lesbienne rappelle la dure situation des minorités sexuelles. Le Monde.fr.https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2020/03/13/a-madagascar-l-emprisonnement-d-une-lesbienne-rappelle-la-dure-situation-des-minorites-sexuelles_6032998_3212.html. |
↑17 | IRB – Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (n.d.). “Madagascar : information sur le traitement réservé par la société et les autorités aux minorités sexuelles et de genre, y compris aux membres de leur famille; protection offerte par l’État (2017-octobre 2019) [MDG106369.F]”, Document #2080088. ecoi.net. https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2080088.html. |
↑18 | Ratsara, D. (2018, January 14). As faiths mix, Madagascar’s LGBTQ community faces harassment and discrimination. Religion News Service. https://religionnews.com/2018/01/14/as-faiths-mix-madagascars-lgbtq-community-faces-harassment-and-discrimination/. |
↑19 | United States Department of State – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. (2011). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/186425.pdf. |
↑20 | A Madagascar, une loi soupçonnée d’être la porte ouverte au mariage pour tout.e.s. (2020, January 2). KOMITID. https://www.komitid.fr/2020/01/02/a-madagascar-loi-porte-ouverte-mariage-pour-toutes/. |
↑21 | Madagascar: propos homophobes autour d’une loi contre les violences sexistes. (2019, December 22). RFI. https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20191222-madagascar-loi-contre-violences-sexistes-denoncee-homophobes. |
↑22 | Manatakis, L. (2018, May 31). Being queer in Madagascar, one of the world’s most underreported countries. Dazed. https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/40190/1/queer-in-madagascar-one-of-the-worlds-most-underreported-countries-tom-maguire. |
↑23 | Flores, A. (2019). Social Acceptance of LGBT People in 174 Countries, 1981 to 2017. The Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/content/qt5qs218xd/qt5qs218xd.pdf. |
↑24 | Madagascar Matin. (n. d.). Association solidarité MSM – Dénonciation de la persécution des personnes LGBTI. https://www.matin.mg/?p=31001. |
↑25 | Solidarité des MSM Madagascar. (n.d.). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/people/Solidarit%C3%A9-des-MSM-Madagascar/100064388453692/. |
↑26 | The Role of Law in Advancing a Culture of Health. (n.d.). Temple University – Public Health Law Research. https://phlr.org/role-law-advancing-culture-health. |
↑27 | Symposium adresses gender inequalities in Madagascar. (2020, December 15). MenEngage Africa Alliance. https://menengageafrica.org/news-item/symposium-adresses-gender-inequalities-in-madagascar/. |