Temps de lecture : 21 minutes
References
↑1 | “Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in the ability to initiate and to sustain reciprocal social interaction and social communication, and by a range of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behavior, interests or activities that are clearly atypical or excessive for the individual’s age and sociocultural context. The onset of the disorder occurs during the developmental period, typically in early childhood, but symptoms may not become fully manifest until later, when social demands exceed limited capacities. Deficits are sufficiently severe to cause impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning and are usually a pervasive feature of the individual’s functioning observable in all settings, although they may vary according to social, educational, or other context. Individuals along the spectrum exhibit a full range of intellectual functioning and language ability.” World Health Organization (2019). ICD-11: International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision: the Global Standard for Diagnostic Health Information. https://icd.who.int/en |
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↑2 | La prévalence de la couleur bleue dans la sensibilisation à l’autisme est souvent justifiée par le fait qu’il y ai plus de garçons que de filles : Pourquoi tous en bleu pour la journée de l’autisme ? (1er avril 2023). Handicap.fr. https://informations.handicap.fr/a-journee-mondiale-autisme-10719.php |
↑3, ↑4 | McCrossin R. (2022). Finding the True Number of Females with Autistic Spectrum Disorder by Estimating the Biases in Initial Recognition and Clinical Diagnosis. Children (Basel), 9(2):272. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35204992/ |
↑5 | Les personnes autistes peuvent en effet être considérées comme étant psychiatrisées, c’est-à-dire pas seulement les personnes subissant un traitement psychiatrique, mais aussi celles perçues comme malades mentalement. Monfort S. (2022). De la formulation euphémique à la contestation du pouvoir médical. Sur la circulation des définitions et des discours autour de l’autisme et des autistes en contexte numérique : quelle place pour le Soi et l’Autre ? Linguistique. https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03867729v1/document |
↑6 | Autism and inclusive employment, Question for oral answer, Parliamentary Question, O-000017/2021, Lucia Ďuriš Nicholsonová, Rosa Estaràs Ferragut, Pierfrancesco Majorino, Jordi Cañas, Stefania Zambelli, Katrin Langensiepen, José Gusmão, on behalf of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/O-9-2021-000017_EN.html#def1 |
↑7 | Parliamentary Question – European Parliament. (2021). Autism and Inclusive Employment. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/O-9-2021-000017_EN.html |
↑8 | Sacco, R., Camilleri, N., Eberhardt, J., Umla-Runge, K., & Newbury-Birch, D. (2023). The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Europe. IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/84388 |
↑9 | Comprendre l’autisme (n.d). Étiquette : déficience intellectuelle https://comprendrelautisme.com/sujet/deficience-intellectuelle/?print=print-search |
↑10 | Gougis, (18 avril 2022). Aspie-Friendly, un programme pour mieux intégrer les étudiants autistes dans les universités d’Occitanie, Midi Libre. https://www.midilibre.fr/2022/04/18/aspie-friendly-un-programme-pour-mieux-integrer-les-etudiants-autistes-dans-les-universites-doccitanie-10243246.php |
↑11 | Barry A. et al. (2023). Support Priorities of Autistic University Students and Careers Advisors: Understanding Differences, Building on Strengths. Disabilities. 3(2), 235-254. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7272/3/2/16 |
↑12 | Bakker T. et al. (November 2019). Background and enrollment characteristics of students with autism in higher education. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Vol. 67. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1750946719301126 |
↑13 | Bakker T., Krabbendam L., Bhulai S., Meeter M., Begeer S. (2022). Study progression and degree completion of autistic students in higher education: A longitudinal study. Higher Education, 85, 1–26. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/13623613231182756?icid=int.sj-full-text.citing-articles.26#body-ref-bibr6-13623613231182756-1 |
↑14, ↑17 | Bunt D. et al., (22 May 2020). Quotas, and Anti‐discrimination Policies Relating to Autism in the EU: Scoping Review and Policy Mapping in Germany, France, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Slovakia, Poland, and Romania. Autism Research. 13(8): 1397–1417. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7496597/ |
↑15 | Ben Salah T., (2021). Hymne à l’Inclusion, Association Prise Autisme [documentaire] |
↑16 | Cour des Comptes. (Décembre 2017).Évaluation de la politique en direction des personnes présentant des troubles du spectre de l’Autisme, Enquête demandée par le Comité d’évaluation et de contrôle des politiques publiques de l’Assemblée Nationale. https://www.ccomptes.fr/fr/publications/la-politique-en-direction-des-personnes-presentant-des-troubles-du-spectre-de-lautisme |
↑18, ↑19 | European Court of Human Rights (2023). Persons with disabilities and the European Convention on Human Rights. https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/fs_disabled_eng |
↑20 | Ce qui pose problème à de nombreuses personnes handicapées, Living on the Spectrum (24 novembre 2021). Inspirational Porn and why it is problematic. https://www.livingonthespectrum.com/uncategorized/inspirational-porn-and-why-it-is-problematic/ |
↑21, ↑22, ↑23 | Gaggini L. (17 novembre 2022). Comprendre nos biais : les modèles du handicap. Mixity. https://blog.mixity.co/comprendre-biais-visions-handicap-seeph/ |
↑24 | Kerroumi B. (16 décembre 2019). Le modèle social du handicap. Espace éthique. https://www.espace-ethique.org/ressources/article/le-modele-social-du-handicap |
↑25 | Woods R. (2017). Exploring how the social model of disability can be re-invigorated for autism: in response to Jonathan Levitt”, Disability & Society,32(7): 1090-1095. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687599.2017.1328157 |
↑26 | Bunbury S (2019) Unconscious bias and the medical model: How the social model may hold the key to transformative thinking about disability discrimination. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 19(1): 26–47. |
↑27, ↑47 | Morawski L. & Akarsu, M. Z. (2023). It will take time and resources: Changing Disability benefits on the way to the social model in CEE countries. Global Social Policy, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181231197 |
↑28 | United Nations (2 April 2022). World Autism Awareness Day. https://www.un.org/en/observances/autism-day |
↑29 | Association française des femmes autistes. (3 février 2019).6ème assise internationale des violences sexuelles |
↑30 | Piot M. (2016). Violences du genre, violences du handicap. L’Harmattan. |
↑31 | European Disability Forum (5 April 2023). EUCAP project on violence against autistic people. https://www.edf-feph.org/blog/eucap-project-on-violence-against-autistic-people-in-europe/ |
↑32 | Bureau, R., Riebel, M., Weiner, L. et al (2023). French Validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). J Autism Dev Disord. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06048-w |
↑33 | Tierney S. (1 March 2016). Looking behind the mask: Social coping strategies of girls on the autistic spectrum. Research in Autistic Spectrum Disorders. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Looking-behind-the-mask%3A-Social-coping-strategies-Tierney-Burns/f09eed650452ebf67b56dc75a17fe8bd70567207 |
↑34 | Autism Europe (8 mars 2023). Protéger les femmes handicapées. https://www.autismeurope.org/fr/blog/2023/03/08/journee-internationale-des-femmes-2023-proteger-les-droits-des-femmes-handicapees/ |
↑35 | Fernandes P., Haley M., Eagan K., Shattuck P. T., Kuo A. A. (2021). Health needs and college readiness in autistic students: The freshman survey results. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(10), 3506–3513. |
↑36 | Manners I. (2002). Normative Power in Europe: a contradiction in terms?. https://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/mannersnormativepower.pdf »>https://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/mannersnormativepower.pdf »>https://www.princeton.edu/~amoravcs/library/mannersnormativepower.pdf |
↑37 | Laïdi Z. (2008). Chapitre 2: La puissance par la norme. dans La norme sans la force. pp. 63-93. https://www.cairn.info/la-norme-sans-la-force–9782724610888-page-63.htm |
↑38 | European Court of Human Rights (2004). Press release issued by the Registrar Chamber judgment H.L. v. The United Kingdom. http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press#{%22itemid%22:[%22003-1154118-1197068%22 |
↑39 | International Justice Resource Center (17 September 2020). ECtHR: Lack of Educational Support for Autistic Student Violated Rights. https://ijrcenter.org/2020/09/17/ecthr-lack-of-educational-support-for-autistic-student-violated-rights/ |
↑40 | Autism Europe (1996). Charters for Persons with Autism. https://www.autismeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/charter-for-persons-with-autism-1.pdf |
↑41 | Siniscalo D. (2015). A Step forward for Autism: The New Declaration by the European Union. Autism Open Access. https://www.longdom.org/open-access-pdfs/a-step-forward-for-autism-the-new-declaration-by-european-union-2165-7890-1000e137.pdf |
↑42 | Autism-Europe (n.d) Journées européennes de l’autisme. https://www.autismeurope.org/fr/que-faisons-nous/journees-europeennes-de-lautisme/ |
↑43 | Disability rights: Parliament calls for a paradigm shift, (13 December 2022). European Parliament News, Press Releases, Plenary Session. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221209IPR64418/disability-rights-parliament-calls-for-a-paradigm-shift |
↑44 | United Nations (23 August 2021). Experts of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Raise Questions about the Medical Approach to Disability Used in France. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/08/experts-committee-rights-persons-disabilities-raise-questions-about-medical |
↑45 | Commission Européenne (2021). Union de l’égalité : Stratégie relative aux droits des personnes handicapées 2021-2030. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1484&langId=fr |
↑46 | La CRPD, dont l’objectif est ici résumé par le Conseil de l’Europe a « pour objet de promouvoir, protéger et assurer la pleine et égale jouissance de tous les droits de l’homme et de toutes les libertés fondamentales par les personnes handicapées et de promouvoir le respect de leur dignité intrinsèque. Par personnes handicapées on entend des personnes qui présentent des incapacités physiques, mentales, intellectuelles ou sensorielles durables dont l’interaction avec diverses barrières peut faire obstacle à leur pleine et effective participation à la société sur la base de l’égalité avec les autres. » Conseil de l’Europe (n.d). Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées. https://www.coe.int/fr/web/compass/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities |
↑48 | Lawson A. (2021). The social and human rights models of disability: towards a complementarity thesis. The International Journal of Human. Vol. 25(2): 348-379. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642987.2020.1783533 |
↑49 | Elle est également contributrice publique à l’ONU et à l’UNESCO et active dans la lutte contre les violences sexistes et sexuelles. |
↑50 | Sénat français (7 mai 2019). Comptes tendus de la MCI Répression, infractions sexuelles sur mineurs. https://www.senat.fr/compte-rendu-commissions/20190506/mi_inf_sex.html |
↑51 | European Commission (31 July 2023). Autism cures may be closer as focus turns to early treatment.https://projects.research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/en/horizon-magazine/autism-cures-may-be-closer-focus-turns-early-treatment |
↑52 | Social Platform (29 September 2014). Autism Europe: Making sex education accessible to all Europeans. https://www.socialplatform.org/news/autism-europe-making-sex-education-accessible-to-all-europeans/ |
↑53 | Crowe N. (2022). Europe’s Autism Frameworks – Pitfalls and Recommendations, European Student Think Tank. https://esthinktank.com/2022/06/24/europes-autism-framework-pitfalls-and-recommendations/ |
↑54 | Braithwaite P. (12 May 2010). The underdiagnosis of autism in girls is a story of gender inequality. Wired. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/underdiagnosis-autism-women-and-girls#_=_ |
↑55 | Sur la critique de l’Union européenne par des féministes radicales, voir : Walby S. (2004) The European Union and Gender Equality: Emergent Varieties of Gender Regime, Social Politics, Oxford University Press, 11 (1): 4 – 29. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/resources/sociology-online-papers/papers/walby-socialpolitics.pdf; Larsson L. (Spring 2019) Normative Gender Power Europe. A critical examination of the European Commission’s construction of inequality and preferred foreign policy approach, Bachelor Thesis, European Studies, Malmö University. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1481395/FULLTEXT01.pdf |
↑56 | Baert J. (2010). Le rôle des associations de parents aujourd’hui. Enfances & Psys. 1(46). https://www.cairn.info/revue-enfances-et-psy-2010-1-page-53.htm |
↑57, ↑64, ↑65, ↑66, ↑67 | Lefevre A. (2023). Nothing About Us Without Us: Autism as a political issue in France and Poland, A Comparative perspective, Jagiellonian University. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/323260 |
↑58, ↑59 | Bonnot Briey S. Constant J. (2009). On ne peut pas parler de nous sans nous… L’Information Psychiatrique. Vol. 85. pp. 813-820. https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-information-psychiatrique-2009-9-page-813.htm |
↑60 | Autism Europe (7 mars 2019). Celebrating Autistic Women and Girls. https://www.autismeurope.org/blog/2019/03/07/celebrating-autistic-women-and-girls/ |
↑61 | Congrès à Cracovie en 2022 : https://www.autismcongress2022.org/ |
↑62 | Waltz M. Syurina E. (13-15 September 2019). Women with autism: Exploring healthcare and health outcomes disparities. Autisme Europe conference 2019 – Nice, France. https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/women-with-autism-exploring-healthcare-and-health-outcomes-dispar |
↑63 | Fundacja Dziewczyny w Spektrum. https://dziewczynywspektrum.pl/ |
↑68 | Cazalis F et al. (2022). Evidence that nine autistic women out of ten have been victims of sexual violence. Front. Behav. Neurosci Vol. 16. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.852203/full |
↑69, ↑70 | European Disability Forum (5 April 2023). EUCAP project on violence against autistic people in Europe. https://www.edf-feph.org/blog/eucap-project-on-violence-against-autistic-people-in-europe/ |
↑71 | European Parliament (26 September 2023). Motion for a Resolution on harmonising the rights of autistic people. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/B-9-2023-0390_EN.html |
↑72 | Autism-Europe (27 June 2023). Forced sterilization of persons with disabilities. https://www.autismeurope.org/blog/2023/06/27/forced-sterilisation-of-persons-with-disabilities-a-widespread-violation-of-human-rights-across-europe/ |
↑73 | Euractiv France (14 December 2022). EU Parliament wants to ban forced sterilization to protect people with disabilities. https://www.euractiv.com/section/health-consumers/news/eu-parliament-wants-to-ban-forced-sterilisation-to-protect-people-with-disabilities/ |
↑74 | Costil C. (23 septembre 2022). Stérilisation forcée : des pratiques controversées en Europe. Handicap.fr. https://informations.handicap.fr/a-sterilisation-forcee-pratiques-controversees-en-europe-33635.php |
↑75 | European Commission (3 March 2021). Union of Equality: European Commission presents Strategy for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_810 |
↑76 | European Commission, Strasbourg (8 March 2022). Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of Europe on combating violence against women and domestic violence. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0105 |
↑77 | Council Decision (EU) 2023/1075 of 1 June 2023 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence with regard to institutions and public administration of the Union, OJ L 43 I, 2.6.2023, p. 1. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023D1075 |
↑78 | Redmond-Nario M. (2019). Ableism: The Causes and Consequences of Disability Prejudice. John Wiley & Sons. 400 p. |
↑79 | Kung K. (29 September 2020). Autistic traits, systematizing, empathizing, and theory of mind in transgender and non-binary adults. Molecular Autism. Article n° 73. https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-020-00378-7 |
↑80 | Dunkerson A. (12 March 2023). “Protect Our Children”: The Parallels of Transphobia and Anti-Autistic Ableism. Department of Gender Studies. University of Victoria. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/handle/1828/14885 |
↑81 | Juno C. (1er July 2020). JK Rowling, Autism, and Getting to ‘Pick Your Gender’.Cripple Media https://cripplemedia.com/jk-rowling-autism-and-getting-to-pick-your-gender/ |
↑82 | Un collectif de professionnels de l’autisme et d’associations (17 février 2023). Tribune : Transidentité chez les mineurs autistes : pas si vite!, Le Point. https://www.lepoint.fr/debats/transidentite-chez-les-mineurs-autistes-pas-si-vite-17-02-2023-2509044_2.php |
↑83 | Weir E. et al, (2021). The Sexual Health, orientation, and activity of autistic adolescents and adults, Autism Research Center. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536071/ |
↑84 | Neurostyles (10 mai 2020). L’autisme : une culture. Cle-autisme. https://cle-autistes.fr/autisme-une-culture/ |
↑85 | Culture LGBTI+ autiste, néologisme entre queer et neurodivergent. Potesse D. (30 juillet 2019). An Introduction to Neuroqueer theory. NeurClastic. https://neuroclastic.com/an-introduction-to-neuroqueer-theory/ |
↑86 | Walker N. (2021). Neuroqueer heresies: Notes on the Neurodiversity paradigm, Autistic Empowerment, and Postnormal Possibilities, Autonomous Press. |
↑87 | Stimpunks foundation (9 May 2022). Autigender and Neuroqueer: Two Words on the Relationship Between Autism and Gender that Fit Me. https://stimpunks.org/2022/09/25/autigender-and-neuroqueer-two-words-on-the-relationship-between-autism-and-gender-that-fit-me/ |
↑88 | Crosbie P. (2018). Autism in France: why France is 40 years behind the rest of the world, Autism Advantage. http://autism-advantage.com/autism-in-france.html |